Because geography affects climate it's important to understand where Korea is and what the lay of the land is. South Korea borders North Korea to the North, faces China west across the Yellow Sea (which the Koreans call the West Sea), Japan to the east and south across the Sea of Japan (which Koreans call the East Sea). 
Eighty percent of the country is mountainous, and the highest peak in South Korea is Hallasan, an extinct volcano on Jeju Island that rises to a height of 1,950 meters. South Korea is only 98,477 square kilometers (38,022 square miles)- or roughly the size of the US State of Indiana, or three times the size of Vancouver Island in Canada.
With a population of 48 million people, South Korea has over 400 people per square kilometer, making it one of the most densely populated countries on earth.
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